|
FD_CLR — clear fd_set bit
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.3
|
#include <sys/select.h>
void FD_CLR(
int fd, /* file descriptor to clear */
fd_set *fdset /* fd_set */
);
Return: None
|
FD_ISSET — test fd_set bit
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.3
|
#include <sys/select.h>
int FD_ISSET(
int fd, /* file descriptor to test */
fd_set *fdset /* fd_set */
);
Return: 1 if set or 0 if clear (no error return)
|
FD_SET — set fd_set bit
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.3
|
#include <sys/select.h>
void FD_SET(
int fd, /* file descriptor to set */
fd_set *fdset /* fd_set */
);
Return: None
|
FD_ZERO — clear entire fd_set
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.3
|
#include <sys/select.h>
void FD_ZERO(
fd_set *fdset /* fd_set to clear */
);
Return: None
|
_Exit — terminate process without clean-up
See AUP2, Sec. 5.7
|
#include <stdlib.h>
void _Exit(
int status /* exit status */
);
Return: Does not return
|
_exit — terminate process without clean-up
See AUP2, Sec. 5.7
|
#include <unistd.h>
void _exit(
int status /* exit status */
);
Return: Does not return
|
_longjmp — jump to jump point without restoring signal mask
See AUP2, Sec. 9.6
|
#include <setjmp.h>
void _longjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info, /* saved location information */
int val /* value for setjmp to return */
);
Return: None
|
_setjmp — set jump point
See AUP2, Sec. 9.6
|
#include <setjmp.h>
int _setjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info /* saved location information */
);
Return: 0 if called directly, non-zero if from longjmp (no error return)
|
abort — generate SIGABRT
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.9
|
#include <stdlib.h>
void abort(void);
Return: Does not return
|
accept — accept new connection on socket and create new socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int accept(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
struct sockaddr *sa, /* socket address or NULL */
socklen_t *sa_len /* address length */
);
Return: file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
access — determine accessibility of file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.8.1
|
#include <unistd.h>
int access(
const char *path, /* pathname */
int what /* permission to be tested */
);
R_OK /* read permission */
W_OK /* write permission */
X_OK /* execute (search) permission */
F_OK /* test for existence */
Return: 0 if allowed or -1 if not or on error (sets errno)
|
aio_cancel — cancel asynchronous I/O request
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.5
|
#include <aio.h>
int aio_cancel(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
struct aiocb *aiocbp /* control block */
);
Return: result code or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
aio_error — retrieve error status for asynchronous I/O operation
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.4
|
#include <aio.h>
int aio_error(
const struct aiocb *aiocbp /* control block */
);
Return: 0, errno value, or EINPROGRESS (does not set errno)
|
aio_fsync — initiate buffer-cache flushing for one file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.6
|
#include <aio.h>
int aio_fsync(
int op, /* O_SYNC or O_DSYNC */
struct aiocb *aiocbp /* control block */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
aio_read — asynchronous read from file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.3
|
#include <aio.h>
int aio_read(
struct aiocb *aiocbp /* control block */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
aio_return — retrieve return status of asynchronous I/O operation
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.4
|
#include <aio.h>
ssize_t aio_return(
struct aiocb *aiocbp /* control block */
);
Return: operation return value or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
aio_suspend — wait for asynchronous I/O request
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.7
|
#include <aio.h>
int aio_suspend(
const struct aiocb *const list[], /* array of control blocks */
int cbcnt, /* number of elements in array */
const struct timespec *timeout /* max time to wait */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
aio_write — asynchronous write to file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.3
|
#include <aio.h>
int aio_write(
struct aiocb *aiocbp /* control block */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
alarm — schedule an alarm signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.1
|
#include <unistd.h>
unsigned alarm(
unsigned secs /* seconds until signal */
);
Return: seconds left on previous alarm or zero if none (no error return)
|
asctime — convert broken-down time to local-time string
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
char *asctime(
const struct tm * tmbuf /* broken-down time */
);
Return: string or NULL on error (errno not set)
|
atexit — register function to be called when process exits
See AUP2, Sec. 1.3.4
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int atexit(
void (*fcn)(void) /* function to be called */
);
Return: 0 on success, non-zero on error (errno not set)
|
bind — bind name to socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int bind(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
const struct sockaddr *sa, /* socket address */
socklen_t sa_len /* address length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
cfgetispeed — get input speed from termios structure
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.3
|
#include <termios.h>
speed_t cfgetispeed(
const struct termios *tp /* attributes */
);
Return: speed (no error return)
|
cfgetospeed — get output speed from termios structure
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.3
|
#include <termios.h>
speed_t cfgetospeed(
const struct termios *tp /* attributes */
);
Return: speed (no error return)
|
cfsetispeed — set input speed in termios structure
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.3
|
#include <termios.h>
int cfsetispeed(
struct termios *tp, /* attributes */
speed_t speed /* speed */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (may set errno)
|
cfsetospeed — set output speed in termios structure
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.3
|
#include <termios.h>
int cfsetospeed(
struct termios *tp, /* attributes */
speed_t speed /* speed */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (may set errno)
|
chdir — change current directory by path
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int chdir(
const char *path /* pathname */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
chmod — change mode of file by path
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.1
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int chmod(
const char *path, /* pathname */
mode_t mode /* new mode */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
chown — change owner and group of file by path
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int chown(
const char *path, /* pathname */
uid_t uid, /* new user ID */
gid_t gid /* new group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
chroot — change root directory
See AUP2, Sec. 5.14
|
#include <unistd.h>
int chroot(
const char *path /* path name */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
clock — get execution time
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.2
|
#include <time.h>
clock_t clock(void);
Return: time in CLOCKS_PER_SEC or -1 on error (errno not set)
|
clock_getcpuclockid — get process CPU-time clock
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.5
|
#include <time.h>
int clock_getcpuclockid(
pid_t pid, /* process ID */
clockid_t *clock_id /* returned clock ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error
|
clock_getres — get clock resolution
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.5
|
#include <time.h>
int clock_getres(
clockid_t clock_id, /* clock ID */
struct timespec *res /* resolution */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
clock_gettime — get time from clock
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.5
|
#include <time.h>
int clock_gettime(
clockid_t clock_id, /* clock ID (CLOCK_REALTIME, etc.) */
struct timespec *tp /* time */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
clock_nanosleep — suspend execution for nanoseconds or until signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.5
|
#include <time.h>
int clock_nanosleep(
clockid_t clock_id, /* clock ID */
int flags, /* TIMER_ABSTIME or zero */
const struct timespec *nsecs, /* nanoseconds to sleep */
struct timespec *remain /* remaining time */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error
|
clock_settime — set clock
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.5
|
#include <time.h>
int clock_settime(
clockid_t clock_id, /* clock ID */
const struct timespec *tp /* time */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
close — close file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 2.11
|
#include <unistd.h>
int close(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
closedir — close directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
int closedir(
DIR *dirp /* DIR pointer from opendir */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
confstr — get configuration string
See AUP2, Sec. 1.5.7
|
#include <unistd.h>
size_t confstr(
int name, /* option or limit name */
char *buf, /* returned string value */
size_t len /* size of buf */
);
Return: size of value or 0 on error (sets errno on error)
|
connect — connect socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int connect(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
const struct sockaddr *sa, /* socket address */
socklen_t sa_len /* address length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
creat — create or truncate a file for writing
See AUP2, Sec. 2.4.2
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int creat(
const char *path, /* pathname */
mode_t perms /* permissions */
);
Return: file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
ctermid — get pathname for controlling terminal
See AUP2, Sec. 4.7
|
#include <stdio.h>
char *ctermid(
char *buf /* buffer of size L_ctermid or NULL */
);
Return: pathname or empty string on error (errno not set)
|
ctime — convert time_t to local-time string
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
char *ctime(
const time_t *t /* time */
);
Return: string or NULL on error (errno not set)
|
difftime — subtract two time_t values
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
double difftime(
time_t time1, /* time */
time_t time0 /* time */
);
Return: time1 - time0 in seconds (no error return)
|
dup — duplicate file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 6.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int dup(
int fd /* file descriptor to duplicate */
);
Return: new file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
dup2 — duplicate file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 6.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int dup2(
int fd, /* file descriptor to duplicate */
int fd2 /* file descriptor to use */
);
Return: new file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
endhostent — end host-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <netdb.h>
void endhostent(void);
Return: None
|
endnetent — end network-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.2
|
#include <netdb.h>
void endnetent(void);
Return: None
|
endprotoent — end protocol-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.3
|
#include <netdb.h>
void endprotoent(void);
Return: None
|
endservent — end service-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.4
|
#include <netdb.h>
void endservent(void);
Return: None
|
execl — execute file with argument list
See AUP2, Sec. 5.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int execl(
const char *path, /* program pathname */
const char *arg0, /* first arg (file name) */
const char *arg1, /* second arg */
..., /* remaining args */
NULL /* arg list terminator */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
execle — execute file with argument list and environment
See AUP2, Sec. 5.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int execle(
const char *path, /* program pathname */
const char *arg0, /* first arg (file name) */
const char *arg1, /* second arg */
..., /* remaining args */
NULL /* arg list terminator */
char *const envv[]*/ /* environment vector */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
execlp — execute file with argument list and PATH search
See AUP2, Sec. 5.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int execlp(
const char *file, /* program file name */
const char *arg0, /* first arg (file name) */
const char *arg1, /* second arg */
..., /* remaining args */
NULL /* arg list terminator */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
execv — execute file with argument vector
See AUP2, Sec. 5.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int execv(
const char *path, /* program pathname */
char *const argv[] /* argument vector */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
execve — execute file with argument vector and environment
See AUP2, Sec. 5.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int execve(
const char *path, /* program pathname */
char *const argv[], /* argument vector */
char *const envv[] /* environment vector */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
execvp — execute file with argument vector and PATH search
See AUP2, Sec. 5.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int execvp(
const char *file, /* program file name */
char *const argv[] /* argument vector */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
exit — terminate process with clean-up
See AUP2, Sec. 5.7
|
#include <stdlib.h>
void exit(
int status /* exit status */
);
Return: Does not return
|
fchdir — change current directory by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int fchdir(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fchmod — change mode of file by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.1
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int fchmod(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
mode_t mode /* new mode */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fchown — change owner and group of file by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int fchown(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
uid_t uid, /* new user ID */
gid_t gid /* new group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fcntl — control open file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.8.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int fcntl(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int op, /* operation */
... /* optional argument depending on op */
);
Return: result depending on op or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fdatasync — force buffer-cache flushing for one file’s data
See AUP2, Sec. 2.16.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int fdatasync(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fork — create new process
See AUP2, Sec. 5.5
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t fork(void);
Return: child’s process-ID and 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fpathconf — get system option or limit by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 1.5.6
|
#include <unistd.h>
long fpathconf(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int name /* option or limit name */
);
Return: option/limit value or -1 (sets errno on error)
|
freeaddrinfo — free socket-address information
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.6
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
void freeaddrinfo(
struct addrinfo *infop /* list to free */
);
Return: None
|
fstat — get file info by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.1
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int fstat(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
struct stat *buf /* returned information */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fstatvfs — get file system information by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 3.2.3
|
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
int fstatvfs(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
struct statvfs *buf /* returned info */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
fsync — schedule or force buffer-cache flushing for one file
See AUP2, Sec. 2.16.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int fsync(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
ftok — generate System V IPC key
See AUP2, Sec. 7.4.2
|
#include <sys/ipc.h>
key_t ftok(
const char *path, /* pathname of existing file */
int id /* desired key number */
);
Return: key on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
ftruncate — truncate or stretch file by file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 2.17
|
#include <unistd.h>
int ftruncate(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
off_t length /* new length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
gai_strerror — get error-code description
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.6
|
#include <netdb.h>
const char *gai_strerror(
int code /* error code */
);
Return: string (no error return)
|
getaddrinfo — get socket-address information
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.6
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int getaddrinfo(
const char *nodename, /* node name */
const char *servname, /* service name */
const struct addrinfo *hint, /* hint */
struct addrinfo **infop /* returned info as linked list */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error (errno not set)
|
getcwd — get current directory pathname
See AUP2, Sec. 3.4.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
char *getcwd(
char *buf, /* returned pathname */
size_t bufsize /* size of buf */
);
Return: pathname or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
getdate — convert string to broken-down time with rules
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
struct tm *getdate(
const char *s /* string to convert */
);
Return: broken-down time or NULL on error (sets getdate_err)
|
getegid — get effective group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.11
|
#include <unistd.h>
gid_t getegid(void);
Return: group ID (no error return)
|
getenv — get value of environment variable
See AUP2, Sec. 5.2
|
#include <stdlib.h>
char *getenv(
const char *var /* variable to find */
);
Return: value or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
geteuid — get effective user ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.11
|
#include <unistd.h>
uid_t geteuid(void);
Return: user ID (no error return)
|
getgid — get real group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.11
|
#include <unistd.h>
gid_t getgid(void);
Return: group ID (no error return)
|
getgrgid — get group-file entry
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.2
|
#include <grp.h>
struct group *getgrgid(
gid_t gid /* group ID */
);
Return: pointer to structure or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
gethostbyaddr — lookup host by address
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(
const void *addr, /* IP address */
socklen_t len, /* length of address */
int family /* family (called “type” in SUS) */
);
Return: pointer to hostent or NULL on error (sets h_errno)
|
gethostbyname — lookup host by name
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent *gethostbyname(
const char *nodename, /* node name */
);
Return: pointer to hostent or NULL on error (sets h_errno)
|
gethostent — get next host-database entry
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent *gethostent(void);
Return: next entry or NULL on end of database (errno not set)
|
gethostid — get identifier for local host
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <unistd.h>
long gethostid(void);
Return: identifier (no error return)
|
gethostname — get name of host
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.7
|
#include <unistd.h>
int gethostname(
char *name, /* returned name */
size_t namelen /* size of name buffer */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (errno not set)
|
getitimer — get value of interval timer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.4
|
#include <sys/time.h>
int getitimer(
int which, /* timer to get */
struct itimerval *val /* returned value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getlogin — get login name
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
char *getlogin(void);
Return: name or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
getnameinfo — get name information
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int getnameinfo(
const struct sockaddr *sa, /* socket address */
socklen_t sa_len, /* socket-address length */
char *nodename, /* node name */
socklen_t nodelen, /* node-name buffer length */
char *servname, /* service name */
socklen_t servlen, /* service-name buffer length */
unsigned flags /* flags */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error
|
getnetbyaddr — lookup network by number
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.2
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct netent *getnetbyaddr(
uint32_t net, /* network number (to match n_net member) */
int type /* family (to match n_addrtype member) */
);
Return: pointer to netent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
getnetbyname — lookup network by name
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.2
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct netent *getnetbyname(
const char *name /* network name (to match n_name member) */
);
Return: pointer to netent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
getnetent — get network-database entry
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.2
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct netent *getnetent(void);
Return: pointer to netent or NULL end of database (errno not set)
|
getpeername — get socket address of connected socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int getpeername(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
struct sockaddr *sa, /* socket address */
socklen_t *sa_len /* address length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getpgid — get process-group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t getpgid(
pid_t pid /* process ID or 0 for calling process */
);
Return: process-group ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getpid — get process ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.13
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t getpid(void);
Return: process ID (no error return)
|
getppid — get parent process ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.13
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t getppid(void);
Return: parent process ID (no error return)
|
getprotobyname — lookup protocol by name
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.3
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct protoent *getprotobyname(
const char *name /* protocol name */
);
Return: pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
getprotobynumber — lookup protocol by number
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.3
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct protoent *getprotobynumber(
int proto /* protocol number */
);
Return: pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
getprotoent — get protocol-database entry
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.3
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct protoent *getprotoent(void);
Return: pointer to protoent or NULL end of database (errno not set)
|
getpwuid — get password-file entry
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.2
|
#include <pwd.h>
struct passwd *getpwuid(
uid_t uid /* user ID */
);
Return: pointer to structure or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
getrlimit — get resource limits
See AUP2, Sec. 5.16
|
#include <sys/resource.h>
int getrlimit(
int resource, /* resource */
struct rlimit *rlp /* returned limits */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getrusage — get resource usage
See AUP2, Sec. 5.16
|
#include <sys/resource.h>
int getrusage(
int who, /* RUSAGE_SELF or RUSAGE_CHILDREN */
struct rusage *r_usage /* returned usage information */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getservbyname — lookup service by name
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.4
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct servent *getservbyname(
const char *name, /* */
const char *proto /* */
);
Return: pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
getservbyport — lookup service by port
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.4
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct servent *getservbyport(
int port, /* */
const char *proto /* */
);
Return: pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
|
getservent — get service-database entry
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.4
|
#include <netdb.h>
struct servent *getservent(void);
Return: pointer to servent or NULL end of database (errno not set)
|
getsid — get session ID
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t getsid(
pid_t pid /* process ID or 0 for calling process */
);
Return: session ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getsockname — get socket address
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int getsockname(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
struct sockaddr *sa, /* socket address */
socklen_t *sa_len /* address length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
getsockopt — get the socket options
See AUP2, Sec. 8.3
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int getsockopt(
int socket, /* socket */
int level, /* level to be accessed */
int option, /* option to set */
const void *value, /* value to set */
socklen_t *value_len /* length of value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
gettimeofday — get current date and time as timeval
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <sys/time.h>
int gettimeofday(
struct timeval *tvalbuf, /* returned time */
void *dummy /* always NULL */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 (maybe) on error (may set errno)
|
getuid — get real user ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.11
|
#include <unistd.h>
uid_t getuid(void);
Return: user ID (no error return)
|
gmtime — convert time_t to UTC broken-down time
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
struct tm *gmtime(
const time_t *t /* time */
);
Return: broken-down time (no error return)
|
grantpt — get access to slave side of pty
See AUP2, Sec. 4.10.1
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int grantpt(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
htonl — convert 32-bit value from host to network byte order
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.4
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
uint32_t htonl(
uint32_t hostnum /* 32-bit number in host byte order */
);
Return: number in network byte order (no error return)
|
htons — convert 16-bit value from host to network byte order
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.4
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
uint16_t htons(
uint16_t hostnum /* 16-bit number in host byte order */
);
Return: number in network byte order (no error return)
|
if_freenameindex — free array allocated by if_nameindex
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.5
|
#include <net/if.h>
void if_freenameindex(
struct if_nameindex *ptr /* pointer to array */
);
Return: None
|
if_indextoname — map network interface index to name
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.5
|
#include <net/if.h>
char *if_indextoname(
unsigned ifindex, /* interface index */
char *ifname /* interface name */
);
Return: name or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
if_nameindex — get all network interface names and indexes
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.5
|
#include <net/if.h>
struct if_nameindex *if_nameindex(void);
Return: array or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
if_nametoindex — map network interface name to index
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.5
|
#include <net/if.h>
unsigned if_nametoindex(
const char *ifname /* interface name */
);
Return: index or 0 on error (errno not set)
|
inet_addr — convert dotted IPv4 address string to integer
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.3
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
in_addr_t inet_addr(
const char *cp /* dotted IP address */
);
Return: IP address or (in_addr_t)-1 on error (errno not set)
|
inet_ntoa — convert integer IPv4 address to dotted string
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.3
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
char *inet_ntoa(
struct in_addr in /* integer address */
);
Return: string (no error return)
|
inet_ntop — convert IPv4 or IPv6 binary addresses to string
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.5
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
const char *inet_ntop(
int domain, /* AF_INET or AF_INET6 */
const void *src, /* pointer to binary address (input) */
char *dst, /* string (output) */
socklen_t dst_len /* length of dst buffer */
);
Return: string or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
inet_pton — convert IPv4 or IPv6 string addresses to binary
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.5
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int inet_pton(
int domain, /* AF_INET or AF_INET6 */
const char *src, /* string (input) */
void *dst /* buffer for binary address (output) */
);
Return: 1 on success, 0 on invalid string, or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
ioctl — control a character device
See AUP2, Sec. 4.4
|
#include <...>
int ioctl(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int req, /* request */
... /* arguments that depend on request */
);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno); some other value on success
|
isatty — test for a terminal
See AUP2, Sec. 4.7
|
#include <unistd.h>
int isatty(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 1 if a terminal and 0 if not (may set errno on 0 return)
|
kill — generate signal for processes
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.9
|
#include <signal.h>
int kill(
pid_t pid, /* process ID or other specification */
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
killpg — generate signal for process group
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.9
|
#include <signal.h>
int killpg(
pid_t pgrp, /* process-group ID */
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
lchown — change owner and group of symbolic link by path
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
int lchown(
const char *path, /* pathname */
uid_t uid, /* user ID */
gid_t gid /* group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
link — create hard link
See AUP2, Sec. 3.3.1
|
#include <unistd.h>
int link(
const char *oldpath, /* old pathname */
const char *newpath /* new pathname */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
lio_listio — list-directed I/O
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.9
|
#include <aio.h>
int lio_listio(
int mode, /* LIO_WAIT or LIO_NOWAIT */
struct aiocb *const list[], /* array of control blocks */
int cbcnt, /* number of elements in array */
struct sigevent *sig /* NULL or signal to generate */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
listen — mark socket for accepting and set queue limit
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int listen(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
int backlog /* maximum connection queue length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
localtime — convert time_t to local broken-down time
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
struct tm *localtime(
const time_t *t /* time */
);
Return: broken-down time (no error return)
|
lockf — lock section of file
See AUP2, Sec. 7.11.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int lockf(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int op, /* operation */
off_t len /* length of section */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
longjmp — jump to jump point
See AUP2, Sec. 9.6
|
#include <setjmp.h>
void longjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info, /* saved location information */
int val /* value for setjmp to return */
);
Return: None
|
lseek — set and get file offset
See AUP2, Sec. 2.13
|
#include <unistd.h>
off_t lseek(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
off_t pos, /* position */
int whence /* interpretation */
);
Return: new file offset or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
lstat — get file info by path without following symbolic link
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.1
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int lstat(
const char *path, /* pathname */
struct stat *buf /* returned information */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mkdir — make directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.3
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int mkdir(
const char *path, /* pathname */
mode_t perms /* permissions */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mkfifo — make a FIFO
See AUP2, Sec. 7.2.1
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int mkfifo(
const char *path, /* pathname */
mode_t perms /* permissions */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mknod — make file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.8.2
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int mknod(
const char *path, /* pathname */
mode_t perms, /* mode */
dev_t dev /* device-ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mkstemp — create and open file with unique name
See AUP2, Sec. 2.7
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int mkstemp(
char *template /* template for file name */
);
Return: open file descriptor or -1 on error (may not set errno)
|
mktime — convert local broken-down time to time_t
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
time_t mktime(
struct tm *tmbuf /* broken-down time */
);
Return: time or -1 on error (errno not set)
|
mmap — map pages of memory
See AUP2, Sec. 7.14.1
|
#include <sys/mman.h>
void *mmap(
void *addr, /* desired address or NULL */
size_t len, /* length of segment */
int prot, /* protection (see below) */
int flags, /* flags */
int fd, /* file descriptor */
off_t off /* offset in file or shared-memory object */
);
Return: pointer to segment or MAP_FAILED on error (sets errno)
|
mount — mount file system (non-standard)
See AUP2, Sec. 3.2.4
|
#include <sys/mount.h>
int mount(
const char *source, /* device */
const char *target, /* directory */
const char *type, /* type (e.g., ext2) */
unsigned long flags, /* mount flags (e.g., MS_RDONLY) */
const void *data /* file-system-dependent data */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_close — close message queue
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_close(
mqd_t mqd /* message-queue descriptor */
);
Return: zero on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_getattr — get message-queue attributes
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_getattr(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
struct mq_attr *attr /* attributes */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_notify — register or unregister for message notification
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_notify(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
const struct sigevent *ep /* notification */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_open — open message-queue
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
mqd_t mq_open(
const char *name, /* POSIX IPC name */
int flags /* flags (excluding O_CREAT) */
);
mqd_t mq_open(
const char *name, /* POSIX IPC name */
int flags, /* flags (including O_CREAT) */
mode_t perms, /* permissions */
struct mq_attr *attr /* attributes (or NULL) */
);
Return: message-queue descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_receive — receive message
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
ssize_t mq_receive(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
char *msg, /* message buffer */
size_t msgsize, /* size of message buffer */
unsigned *priorityp /* returned priority or NULL */
);
Return: size of message or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_send — send message
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_send(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
const char *msg, /* message */
size_t msgsize, /* size of message */
unsigned priority /* priority */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_setattr — set message queue attributes (REALTIME)
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_setattr(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
const struct mq_attr *attr, /* new attributes */
struct mq_attr *oldattr /* old attributes */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_timedreceive — receive message with timeout
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <time.h>
ssize_t mq_timedreceive(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
char *msg, /* message buffer */
size_t msgsize, /* size of message buffer */
unsigned *priorityp /* returned priority or NULL */
const struct timespec *tmout /* timeout */
);
Return: size of message or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_timedsend — send message with timeout
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <time.h>
int mq_timedsend(
mqd_t mqd, /* message-queue descriptor */
const char *msg, /* message */
size_t msgsize, /* size of message */
unsigned priority /* priority */
const struct timespec *tmout /* timeout */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
mq_unlink — remove message queue
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_unlink(
const char *name /* POSIX IPC name */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
msgctl — control message queue
See AUP2, Sec. 7.5.1
|
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgctl(
int msqid, /* identifier */
int cmd, /* command */
struct msqid_ds *data /* data for command */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
msgget — get message-queue identifier
See AUP2, Sec. 7.5.1
|
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgget(
key_t key, /* key */
int flags /* creation flags */
);
Return: identifier or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
msgrcv — receive message
See AUP2, Sec. 7.5.1
|
#include <sys/msg.h>
ssize_t msgrcv(
int msqid, /* identifier */
const void *msgp, /* message */
size_t mtextsize, /* size of mtext buffer */
long msgtype, /* message type requested */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: number of bytes placed in mtext or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
msgsnd — send message
See AUP2, Sec. 7.5.1
|
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgsnd(
int msqid, /* identifier */
const void *msgp, /* message */
size_t msgsize, /* size of message */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
munmap — unmap pages of memory
See AUP2, Sec. 7.14.1
|
#include <sys/mman.h>
int munmap(
void *addr, /* pointer to segment */
size_t len /* length of segment */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
nanosleep — suspend execution for nanoseconds or until signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.3
|
#include <time.h>
int nanosleep(
const struct timespec *nsecs, /* nanoseconds to sleep */
struct timespec *remain /* remaining time */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
nice — change nice value
See AUP2, Sec. 5.15
|
#include <unistd.h>
int nice(
int incr /* increment */
);
Return: old nice value - NZERO or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
ntohl — convert 32-bit value from network to host byte order
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.4
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
uint32_t ntohl(
uint32_t netnum /* 32-bit number in network byte order */
);
Return: number in host byte order (no error return)
|
ntohs — convert 16-bit value from network to host byte order
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.4
|
#include <arpa/inet.h>
uint16_t ntohs(
uint16_t netnum /* 16-bit number in network byte order */
);
Return: number in host byte order (no error return)
|
open — open or create a file
See AUP2, Sec. 2.4
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int open(
const char *path, /* pathname */
int flags, /* flags */
mode_t perms /* permissions (when creating) */
);
Return: file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
opendir — open directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
DIR *opendir(
const char *path /* directory pathname */
);
Return: DIR pointer or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
pathconf — get system option or limit by path
See AUP2, Sec. 1.5.6
|
#include <unistd.h>
long pathconf(
const char *path, /* pathname */
int name /* option or limit name */
);
Return: option/limit value or -1 (sets errno on error)
|
pause — wait for signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.2.1
|
#include <unistd.h>
int pause(void);
Return: -1 on error (sets errno)
|
pipe — create pipe
See AUP2, Sec. 6.2.1
|
#include <unistd.h>
int pipe(
int pfd[2] /* file descriptors */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
poll — wait for I/O to be ready
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.4
|
#include <poll.h>
int poll(
struct pollfd fdinfo[], /* info on file descriptors to be tested */
nfds_t nfds, /* number of elements in fdinfo array */
int timeout /* time-out (milliseconds) */
);
Return: number of ready file descriptors or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
posix_openpt — open pty
See AUP2, Sec. 4.10.1
|
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int posix_openpt(
int oflag /* O_RDWR optionally ORed with O_NOCTTY */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
pread — read from file descriptor at offset
See AUP2, Sec. 2.14
|
#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t pread(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
void *buf, /* address to receive data */
size_t nbytes /* amount to read */
off_t offset /* where to read */
);
Return: number of bytes read or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
pselect — wait for I/O to be ready
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.3
|
#include <sys/select.h>
int pselect(
int nfds, /* highest fd + 1 */
fd_set *readset, /* read set or NULL */
fd_set *writeset, /* write set or NULL */
fd_set *errorset, /* error set or NULL */
const struct timespec *timeout, /* time-out (nanoseconds) or NULL */
const sigset_t *sigmask /* signal mask */
);
Return: number of bits set or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
pthread_cancel — cancel thread
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.5
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cancel(
pthread_t thread_id /* ID of thread to cancel */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_cleanup_pop — uninstall cleanup handler
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.5
|
#include <pthread.h>
void pthread_cleanup_pop(
int execute /* execute handler? */
);
Return: None
|
pthread_cleanup_push — install cleanup handler
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.5
|
#include <pthread.h>
void pthread_cleanup_push(
void (*handler)(void*), /* pointer to cleanup-handler function */
void *arg /* data to pass to function */
);
Return: None
|
pthread_cond_signal — signal condition
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.4
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cond_signal(
pthread_cond_t *cond /* condition variable */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_cond_wait — wait for condition
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.4
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cond_wait(
pthread_cond_t *cond, /* condition variable */ pthread_mutex_t *mutex /* mutex */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_create — create a thread
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.1
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_create(
pthread_t *thread_id, /* new thread’s ID */
const pthread_attr_t *attr, /* attributes (or NULL) */
void *(*start_fcn)(void *), /* starting function */
void *arg /* arg to starting function */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_join — wait for thread to terminate
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.2
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_join(
pthread_t thread_id, /* ID of thread to join */
void **status_ptr /* NULL or returned exit status */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_kill — generate signal for thread
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.9
|
#include <signal.h>
int pthread_kill(
pthread_t thread_id, /* thread ID */
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure (errno not set)
|
pthread_mutex_lock — lock mutex
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.3
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_mutex_lock(
pthread_mutex_t *mutex /* mutex to lock */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_mutex_unlock — unlock mutex
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.3
|
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_mutex_unlock(
pthread_mutex_t *mutex /* mutex to unlock */
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure
|
pthread_sigmask — change thread’s signal mask
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
int pthread_sigmask(
int how, /* how signal mask is to be changed */
const sigset_t *set, /* input set */
sigset_t *oset /* previous signal mask
);
Return: 0 on success, error number on failure (errno not set)
|
pthread_testcancel — test for cancellation
See AUP2, Sec. 5.17.5
|
#include <pthread.h>
void pthread_testcancel(void);
Return: None
|
ptsname — get name of slave side of pty
See AUP2, Sec. 4.10.1
|
#include <stdlib.h>
char *ptsname(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: name or NULL on error (errno not set)
|
putenv — change or add to environment
See AUP2, Sec. 5.2
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int putenv(
char *string /* string of form name=value */
);
Return: 0 on success or non-zero on error (sets errno)
|
pwrite — write to file descriptor at offset
See AUP2, Sec. 2.14
|
#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t pwrite(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
const void *buf, /* data to write */
size_t nbytes /* amount to write */
off_t offset /* where to write */
);
Return: number of bytes written or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
raise — generate signal for process
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.9
|
#include <signal.h>
int raise(
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or non-zero on error (sets errno)
|
read — read from file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 2.10
|
#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t read(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
void *buf, /* address to receive data */
size_t nbytes /* amount to read */
);
Return: number of bytes read or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
readdir — read directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
struct dirent *readdir(
DIR *dirp /* DIR pointer from opendir */
);
Return: structure or NULL on EOF or error (sets errno)
|
readdir_r — read a directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
int readdir_r(
DIR *restrict dirp, /* DIR pointer from opendir */
struct dirent *entry, /* structure to hold entry */
struct dirent **result /* result (pointer or NULL) */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error (sets errno)
|
readlink — read a symbolic link
See AUP2, Sec. 3.3.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t readlink(
const char *path, /* pathname */
char *buf, /* returned text */
size_t bufsize /* buffer size */
);
Return: byte count or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
readv — scatter read
See AUP2, Sec. 2.15
|
#include <sys/uio.h>
ssize_t readv(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
const struct iovec *iov, /* vector of data buffers */
int iovcnt /* number of elements */
);
Return: number of bytes read or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
recv — receive data from socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.1
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t recv(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
void *buffer, /* buffer to receive data */
size_t length, /* length of buffer */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: number of bytes received, 0, or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
recvfrom — receive message from socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.6.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t recvfrom(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
void *buffer, /* buffer for received message */
size_t length, /* length of buffer */
int flags, /* flags */
struct sockaddr *sa, /* address of sender */
socklen_t *sa_len /* address length */
);
Return: number of bytes received, 0, or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
recvmsg — receive a message from a socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.6.3
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t recvmsg(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
struct msghdr *message, /* message */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: number of bytes received, 0, or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
rename — rename a file
See AUP2, Sec. 3.3.2
|
#include <stdio.h>
int rename(
const char *oldpath, /* old pathname */
const char *newpath /* new pathname */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
rewinddir — rewind directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
void rewinddir(
DIR *dirp /* DIR pointer from opendir */
);
Return: None
|
rmdir — remove directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int rmdir(
const char *path /* pathname */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
seekdir — seek directory
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
void seekdir(
DIR *dirp, /* DIR pointer from opendir */
long loc /* location */
);
Return: None
|
select — wait for I/O to be ready
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.3
|
#include <sys/select.h>
int select(
int nfds, /* highest fd + 1 */
fd_set *readset, /* read set or NULL */
fd_set *writeset, /* write set or NULL */
fd_set *errorset, /* error set or NULL */
struct timeval *timeout /* time-out (microseconds) or NULL */
);
Return: number of bits set or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_close — close named semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_close(
sem_t *sem /* semaphore */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_destroy — destroy unnamed semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.2
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_destroy(
sem_t *sem /* semaphore */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_getvalue — get value of semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_getvalue(
sem_t *restrict sem, /* semaphpre */
int *valuep /* returned value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_init — initialize unnamed semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.2
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_init(
sem_t *sem, /* semaphore */
int pshared, /* shared between processes? */
unsigned value /* initial value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_open — open named semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
sem_t *sem_open(
const char *name, /* POSIX IPC name */
int flags /* flags (excluding O_CREAT) */
);
sem_t *sem_open(
const char *name, /* POSIX IPC name */
int flags, /* flags (including O_CREAT) */
mode_t perms, /* permissions */
unsigned value /* initial value */
);
Return: pointer to semaphore or SEM_FAILED on error (sets errno)
|
sem_post — increment semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_post(
sem_t *sem /* semaphore */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_timedwait — decrement semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <time.h>
int sem_timedwait(
sem_t *restrict sem, /* semaphore */
const struct timespec *time /* absolute time */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_trywait — decrement semaphore if possible
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_trywait(
sem_t *sem /* semaphore */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_unlink — remove named semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_unlink(
const char *name /* POSIX IPC name */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sem_wait — decrement semaphore
See AUP2, Sec. 7.10.1
|
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_wait(
sem_t *sem /* semaphore */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
semctl — control semaphore set
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.1
|
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semctl(
int semid, /* identifier */
int semnum, /* semaphore number */
int cmd, /* command */
union semun arg /* argument for command */
);
Return: value or 0 on success; -1 on error (sets errno)
|
semget — get semaphore-set identifier
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.1
|
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semget(
key_t key, /* key */
int nsems, /* size of set */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: identifier or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
semop — operate on semaphore set
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.2
|
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semop(
int semid, /* identifier */
struct sembuf *sops, /* operations */
size_t nsops /* number of operations */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
send — send data to socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.1
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t send(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
const void *data, /* data to send */
size_t length, /* length of data */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: number of bytes sent or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sendmsg — send a message on a socket using a message structure
See AUP2, Sec. 8.6.3
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t sendmsg(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
const struct msghdr *message, /* message */
int flags /* flags */
);
Return: number of bytes sent or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sendto — send message to socket
See AUP2, Sec. 8.6.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t sendto(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
const void *message, /* message to send */
size_t length, /* length of message */
int flags, /* flags */
const struct sockaddr *sa, /* target address */
socklen_t sa_len /* length of target address */
);
Return: number of bytes sent or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setegid — set effective group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.12
|
#include <unistd.h>
int setegid(
gid_t gid /* effective group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setenv — change or add to environment
See AUP2, Sec. 5.2
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int setenv(
const char *var, /* variable to be changed or added */
const char *val, /* value */
int overwrite /* overwrite? */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
seteuid — set effective user ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.12
|
#include <unistd.h>
int seteuid(
uid_t uid /* effective user ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setgid — set real and saved group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.12
|
#include <unistd.h>
int setgid(
gid_t gid /* real and saved group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sethostent — start host-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <netdb.h>
void sethostent(
int stayopen /* leave connection open? */
);
Return: None
|
setitimer — set value of interval timer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.4
|
#include <sys/time.h>
int setitimer(
int which, /* timer to set */
const struct itimerval *val, /* value to set */
struct itimerval *oval /* returned old value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setjmp — set jump point
See AUP2, Sec. 9.6
|
#include <setjmp.h>
int setjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info /* saved location information */
);
Return: 0 if called directly, non-zero if from longjmp (no error return)
|
setnetent — start network-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.2
|
#include <netdb.h>
void setnetent(
int stayopen /* leave connection open? */
);
Return: None
|
setpgid — set or create process-group
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int setpgid(
pid_t pid, /* process ID or 0 for calling process */
pid_t pgid /* process-group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setprotoent — start protocol-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.3
|
#include <netdb.h>
void setprotoent(
int stayopen /* leave connection open? */
);
Return: None
|
setrlimit — set resource limits
See AUP2, Sec. 5.16
|
#include <sys/resource.h>
int setrlimit(
int resource, /* resource */
const struct rlimit *rlp /* limits to set */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setservent — start service-database scan
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.4
|
#include <netdb.h>
void setservent(
int stayopen /* leave connection open? */
);
Return: None
|
setsid — create session and process group
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t setsid(void);
Return: process-group ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setsockopt — set the socket options
See AUP2, Sec. 8.3
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int setsockopt(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
int level, /* level to be accessed */
int option, /* option to set */
const void *value, /* value to set */
socklen_t value_len /* length of value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
setuid — set real and saved user ID
See AUP2, Sec. 5.12
|
#include <unistd.h>
int setuid(
uid_t uid /* real and saved user ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shm_open — open shared-memory object
See AUP2, Sec. 7.14.1
|
#include <sys/mman.h>
int shm_open(
const char *name, /* POSIX IPC name */
int flags, /* flags */
mode_t perms /* permissions */
);
Return: file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shm_unlink — remove shared-memory object
See AUP2, Sec. 7.14.1
|
#include <sys/mman.h>
int shm_unlink(
const char *name /* POSIX IPC name */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shmat — attach shared memory segment
See AUP2, Sec. 7.13.1
|
#include <sys/shm.h>
void *shmat(
int shmid, /* identifier */
const void *shmaddr, /* desired address or NULL */
int flags /* attachment flags */
);
Return: pointer or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shmctl — control shared memory segment
See AUP2, Sec. 7.13.1
|
#include <sys/shm.h>
int shmctl(
int shmid, /* identifier */
int cmd, /* command */
struct shmid_ds *data /* data for command */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shmdt — detach shared memory segment
See AUP2, Sec. 7.13.1
|
#include <sys/shm.h>
int shmdt(
const void *shmaddr /* pointer to segment */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shmget — get shared memory segment
See AUP2, Sec. 7.13.1
|
#include <sys/shm.h>
int shmget(
key_t key, /* key */
size_t size, /* size of segment */
int flags /* creation flags */
);
Return: shared-memory identifier or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
shutdown — shut down socket send and/or receive operations
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.4
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int shutdown(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
int how /* SHUT_RD, SHUT_WR, or SHUT_RDWR */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigaction — set signal action
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.6
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigaction(
int signum, /* signal */
const struct sigaction *act, /* new action */
struct sigaction *oact /* old action */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigaddset — add signal to signal set
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigaddset(
sigset_t *set, /* signal set */
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigaltstack — set and get alternate stack context
See AUP2, Sec. 9.3
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigaltstack(
const stack_t *stack, /* new stack */
stack_t *ostack /* old stack */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigdelset — delete a signal from a signal set
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigdelset(
sigset_t *set, /* signal set */
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigemptyset — initialize empty signal set
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigemptyset(
sigset_t *set /* signal set */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigfillset — initialize full signal set
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigfillset(
sigset_t *set /* signal set */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sighold — block a signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.4
|
#include <signal.h>
int sighold(
int signum, /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigignore — ignore signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.4
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigignore(
int signum, /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
siginfo_t — structure for sigaction
See AUP2, Sec. 9.5.1
|
typedef struct {
int si_signo; /* signal number */
int si_errno; /* errno value associated with signal */
int si_code; /* signal code (see below) */
pid_t si_pid; /* sending process ID */
uid_t si_uid; /* real user ID of sending process */
void *si_addr; /* address of faulting instruction */
int si_status; /* exit value or signal */
long si_band; /* band event for SIGPOLL */
union sigval si_value; /* signal value */
} siginfo_t;
Return: None
|
siginterrupt — set or clear SA_RESTART flag
See AUP2, Sec. 9.3
|
#include <signal.h>
int siginterrupt(
int signum, /* signal */
int on /* non-zero to set, zero to clear */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigismember — test for signal in signal set
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigismember(
const sigset_t *set, /* signal set */
int signum /* signal */
);
Return: 1 if member, 0 if not, or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
siglongjmp — jump to jump point, restore signal mask if saved
See AUP2, Sec. 9.6
|
#include <setjmp.h>
void siglongjmp(
sigjmp_buf loc_info, /* saved location information */
int val /* value for sigsetjmp to return */
);
Return: None
|
signal — set signal action
See AUP2, Sec. 9.4
|
#include <signal.h>
void (*signal(
int signum, /* signal */
void (*act)(int) /* new action */
))(int);
Return: old action or SIG_ERR on error (sets errno)
|
sigpause — change signal mask and wait for signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.4
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigpause(
int signum, /* signal */
);
Return: -1 on error, always (sets errno)
|
sigpending — examine pending signals
See AUP2, Sec. 9.3
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigpending(
sigset_t *set /* returned set of pending signals */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigprocmask — change thread’s signal mask (single thread only)
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigprocmask(
int how, /* how signal mask is to be changed */
const sigset_t *set, /* input set */
sigset_t *oset /* previous signal mask */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigqueue — generate signal for process
See AUP2, Sec. 9.5.4
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigqueue(
pid_t pid, /* process ID */
int signum, /* signal */
const union sigval value /* value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigrelse — unblock signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.4
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigrelse(
int signum, /* signal */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigset — signal management
See AUP2, Sec. 9.4
|
#include <signal.h>
void (*sigset(
int signum, /* signal */
void (*act)(int) /* new action */
))(int);
Return: old action or SIG_ERR on error (sets errno)
|
sigsetjmp — set jump point
See AUP2, Sec. 9.6
|
#include <setjmp.h>
int sigsetjmp(
sigjmp_buf loc_info, /* saved location information */
int savemask /* non-zero to save signal mask */
);
Return: 0 if called directly, non-zero if from siglongjmp (no error return)
|
sigsuspend — change signal mask and wait for signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.2.3
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigsuspend(
const sigset_t *sigmask /* temporary signal mask */
);
Return: -1 on error, always (sets errno)
|
sigtimedwait — wait for signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.5.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigtimedwait(
const sigset_t *set, /* signals to wait for */
siginfo_t *info, /* returned info */
const struct timespec *ts /* max. time to wait */
);
Return: signal number or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sigwait — wait for signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.2.2
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigwait(
const sigset_t *set, /* signals to wait for */
int *signum /* signal that was delivered */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error
|
sigwaitinfo — wait for signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.5.5
|
#include <signal.h>
int sigwaitinfo(
const sigset_t *set, /* signals to wait for */
siginfo_t *info /* returned info */
);
Return: signal number or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sleep — suspend execution for seconds or until signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
unsigned sleep(
unsigned secs /* seconds to sleep */
);
Return: unslept amount
|
sockatmark — test presence of out-of-band mark
See AUP2, Sec. 8.7
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int sockatmark(
int socket_fd, /* socket file descriptor */
);
Return: 1 if at mark, 0 if not, or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
socket — create endpoint for communication
See AUP2, Sec. 8.1.2
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(
int domain, /* domain (AF_UNIX, AF_INET, etc.) */
int type, /* SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, etc. */
int protocol /* specific to type; usually zero */
);
Return: file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
socketpair — create pair of sockets
See AUP2, Sec. 8.9.3
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socketpair(
int domain, /* domain (AF_UNIX, AF_INET, etc.) */
int type, /* SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, etc. */
int protocol /* specific to type; usually zero */
int socket_vector[2] /* returned socket file descriptors */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
stat — get file info by path
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.1
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
int stat(
const char *path, /* pathname */
struct stat *buf /* returned information */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
statvfs — get file system information by path
See AUP2, Sec. 3.2.3
|
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
int statvfs(
const char *path /* pathname */
struct statvfs *buf /* returned info */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
strftime — convert broken-down time to string with format
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
size_t strftime(
char *buf, /* output buffer */
size_t bufsize, /* size of buffer */
const char *format, /* format */
const struct tm *tmbuf /* broken-down time */
);
Return: byte count or 0 on error (errno not set)
|
strptime — convert string to broken-down time with format
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
char *strptime(
const char *s, /* string to convert */
const char *format, /* format */
struct tm *tmbuf /* broken-down time (output) */
);
Return: ? or NULL on error (errno not set)
|
struct SimpleSem — structure for simple-semaphore functions
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.2
|
struct SimpleSem {
union {
int sm_semid; /* System V semaphore-set ID */
void *sm_sem; /* POSIX sem_t pointer (needs a cast) */
} sm;
};
|
struct addrinfo — structure for getaddrinfo
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.6
|
struct addrinfo {
int ai_flags; /* input flags */
int ai_family; /* address family */
int ai_socktype; /* socket type */
int ai_protocol; /* protocol */
socklen_t ai_addrlen; /* length of socket address */
struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* socket address */
char *ai_canonname; /* canonical name of service location */
struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* pointer to next structure in list */
};
|
struct aiocb — AIO control block
See AUP2, Sec. 3.9.2
|
struct aiocb {
int aio_fildes; /* file descriptor */
off_t aio_offset; /* file offset */
volatile void *aio_buf; /* buffer */
size_t aio_nbytes; /* size of transfer */
int aio_reqprio; /* request priority offset */
struct sigevent aio_sigevent; /* signal information */
int aio_lio_opcode; /* operation to be performed */
};
|
struct dirent — structure for readdir
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
struct dirent {
ino_t d_ino; /* i-number */
char d_name[]; /* name */
};
|
struct flock — structure for fcntl file locking
See AUP2, Sec. 7.11.4
|
struct flock {
short l_type; /* lock type: F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK */
short l_whence; /* interpretation of l_start */
off_t l_start; /* start of section */
off_t l_len; /* length of section */
pid_t l_pid; /* process holding lock; used with F_GETLK */
};
|
struct group — structure for getgrgid
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.2
|
struct group {
char *gr_name; /* group name */
gid_t gr_gid; /* group ID */
char **gr_mem; /* member-name array (NULL terminated */
};
|
struct hostent — structure for host-database functions
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
struct hostent {
char *h_name; /* official host name */
char **h_aliases; /* array of alternative host names */
int h_addrtype; /* address family (not type) */
int h_length; /* length of each address */
char **h_addr_list; /* array of pointers to network addresses */
};
|
struct if_nameindex — structure for network-interface functions
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.5
|
struct if_nameindex {
unsigned if_index; /* interface index */
char *if_name; /* interface name */
};
|
struct iovec — structure for readv and writev
See AUP2, Sec. 2.15
|
struct iovec {
void *iov_base; /* base address of data */
size_t iov_len; /* size of this piece */
};
|
struct ipc_perm — structure for System V IPC permissions
See AUP2, Sec. 7.4.3
|
struct ipc_perm {
uid_t uid; /* owner user-ID */
gid_t gid; /* owner group-ID */
uid_t cuid; /* creator user-ID */
gid_t cgid; /* creator group-ID */
mode_t mode; /* permission bits */
};
|
struct itimerspec — structure for timer_ functions
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.6
|
struct itimerspec {
struct timespec it_interval; /* reset value */
struct timespec it_value; /* current value */
};
|
struct itimerval — structure for getitimer and setitimer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.4
|
struct itimerval {
struct timeval it_interval; /* reset value */
struct timeval it_value; /* current value */
};
|
struct mq_attr — structure for mq_open, mq_getattr, and mq_setattr
See AUP2, Sec. 7.7.1
|
struct mq_attr {
long mq_flags; /* flags */
long mq_maxmsg; /* max number of messages */
long mq_msgsize; /* max message size */
long mq_curmsgs; /* number of messages currently queued */
};
|
struct msg — typical structure for msgsnd and msgrcv
See AUP2, Sec. 7.5.1
|
struct msg {
long mtype; /* message type */
char mtext[MTEXTSIZE]; /* message text */
};
|
struct msghdr — structure for sendmsg and recvmsg
See AUP2, Sec. 8.6.3
|
struct msghdr {
void *msg_name; /* optional address */
socklen_t msg_namelen; /* size of address */
struct iovec *msg_iov; /* scatter/gather array */
int msg_iovlen; /* number of elements in msg_iov */
void *msg_control; /* ancillary data */
socklen_t msg_controllen; /* ancillary data buffer len */
int msg_flags; /* flags on received message */
};
|
struct msqid_ds — structure for msgctl
See AUP2, Sec. 7.5.1
|
struct msqid_ds {
struct ipc_perm msg_perm; /* permission structure */
msgqnum_t msg_qnum; /* number of messages currently on queue */
msglen_t msg_qbytes; /* maximum number of bytes allowed on queue */
pid_t msg_lspid; /* process ID of last msgsnd */
pid_t msg_lrpid; /* process ID of last msgrcv */
time_t msg_stime; /* time of last msgsnd */
time_t msg_rtime; /* time of last msgrcv */
time_t msg_ctime; /* time of last msgctl change */
};
|
struct netent — structure for network-database functions
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.2
|
struct netent {
char *n_name; /* official network name */
char **n_aliases; /* array of alternative network names */
int n_addrtype; /* address family (not type) */
uint32_t n_net; /* network number */
};
|
struct passwd — structure for getpwuid
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.2
|
struct passwd {
char *pw_name; /* login name */
uid_t pw_uid; /* user ID */
gid_t pw_gid; /* group ID */
char *pw_dir; /* login directory */
char *pw_shell; /* login shell */
};
|
struct pollfd — structure for poll
See AUP2, Sec. 4.2.4
|
struct pollfd {
int fd; /* file descriptor */
short events; /* input event flags (see table, below) */
short revents; /* output event flags (see table, below) */
};
|
struct protoent — structure for protocol-database functions
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.3
|
struct protoent {
char *p_name; /* official protocol name */
char **p_aliases; /* array of alternative protocol names */
int p_proto; /* protocol number */
};
|
struct rlimit — structure for getrlimit and setrlimit
See AUP2, Sec. 5.16
|
struct rlimit {
rlim_t rlim_cur; /* current (soft) limit */
rlim_t rlim_max; /* maximum (hard) limit */
};
|
struct rusage — structure for getrusage
See AUP2, Sec. 5.16
|
struct rusage {
struct timeval ru_utime; /* user time used */
struct timeval ru_stime; /* system time used */
/* following members are nonstandard */
long ru_maxrss; /* maximum resident set size */
long ru_ixrss; /* integral shared memory size */
long ru_idrss; /* integral unshared data size */
long ru_isrss; /* integral unshared stack size */
long ru_minflt; /* page reclaims */
long ru_majflt; /* page faults */
long ru_nswap; /* swaps */
long ru_inblock; /* block input operations */
long ru_oublock; /* block output operations */
long ru_msgsnd; /* messages sent */
long ru_msgrcv; /* messages received */
long ru_nsignals; /* signals received */
long ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */
long ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary context switches */
};
|
struct sembuf — structure for semop
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.2
|
struct sembuf {
unsigned short sem_num; /* semaphore number */
short sem_op; /* Semaphore operation */
short sem_flg; /* Operation flags */
};
|
struct semid_ds — structure for semctl
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.1
|
struct semid_ds {
struct ipc_perm sem_perm; /* permission structure */
unsigned short sem_nsems; /* size of set */
time_t sem_otime; /* time of last semop */
time_t sem_ctime; /* time of last semctl */
};
|
struct servent — structure for service-database functions
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.4
|
struct servent {
char *s_name; /* official service name */
char **s_aliases; /* array of alternative service names */
int s_port; /* port number */
char *s_proto; /* name of protocol for this service */
};
|
struct sigaction — structure for sigaction
See AUP2, Sec. 9.1.6
|
struct sigaction {
void (*sa_handler)(int); /* SIG_DFL, SIG_IGN, or function pointer */
sigset_t sa_mask; /* additional signals to be blocked */ int sa_flags; /* flags */
void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *); /* Realtime Signal handler */
};
|
struct sigevent — structure for RTS-generation functions
See AUP2, Sec. 9.5.6
|
struct sigevent {
int sigev_notify; /* notification type (see below) */
int sigev_signo; /* signal number */
union sigval sigev_value; /* signal value */
void (*sigev_notify_function)(union sigval); /* thread function */
pthread_attr_t *sigev_notify_attributes; /* thread attributes */
};
|
struct sockaddr_in — structure for AF_INET socket addresses
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.3
|
#include <netinet/in.h>
struct sockaddr_in {
sa_family_t sin_family; /* AF_INET */
in_port_t sin_port; /* port number (uint16_t) */
struct in_addr sin_addr; /* IPv4 address */
};
struct in_addr {
in_addr_t s_addr /* IPv4 address (uint32_t) */
};
|
struct sockaddr_in6 — structure for AF_INET6 socket addresses
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.4
|
#include <netinet/in.h>
struct sockaddr_in6 {
sa_family_t sin6_family; /* AF_INET6 */
in_port_t sin6_port; /* port number (uint16_t) */
uint32_t sin6_flowinfo; /* traffic class and flow information */
struct in6_addr sin6_addr; /* IPv4 address */
uint32_t sin6_scope_id; /* set of interfaces for a scope */
};
struct in6_addr {
uint8_t s6_addr[16]; /* IPv6 address */
};
|
struct sockaddr_un — structure for AF_UNIX socket addresses
See AUP2, Sec. 8.2.2
|
#include <sys/un.h>
struct sockaddr_un {
sa_family_t sun_family; /* AF_UNIX */
char sun_path[X]; /* socket pathname */
};
|
struct stat — structure for stat, fstat, and lstat
See AUP2, Sec. 3.5.1
|
struct stat {
dev_t st_dev; /* device ID of file system */
ino_t st_ino; /* i-number */
mode_t st_mode; /* mode (see below).*/
nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */
uid_t st_uid; /* user ID */
gid_t st_gid; /* group ID */
dev_t st_rdev; /* device ID (if special file). */
off_t st_size; /* size in bytes */
time_t st_atime; /* last access */
time_t st_mtime; /* last data modification */
time_t st_ctime; /* last i-node modification */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* optimal I/O size */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* allocated 512-byte blocks */
};
|
struct statvfs — structure for statvfs and fstatvfs
See AUP2, Sec. 3.2.3
|
struct statvfs {
unsigned long f_bsize; /* block size */
unsigned long f_frsize; /* fundamental (fblock) size */
fsblkcnt_t f_blocks; /* total number of fblocks */
fsblkcnt_t f_bfree; /* number of free fblocks */
fsblkcnt_t f_bavail; /* number of avail. fblocks */
fsfilcnt_t f_files; /* total number of i-numbers */
fsfilcnt_t f_ffree; /* number of free i-numbers */
fsfilcnt_t f_favail; /* number of avail. i-numbers */
unsigned long f_fsid; /* file-system ID */
unsigned long f_flag; /* flags (see below) */
unsigned long f_namemax; /* max length of filename */
};
|
struct termios — structure for terminal-control functions
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.1
|
struct termios {
tcflag_t c_iflag; /* input flags */
tcflag_t c_oflag; /* output flags */
tcflag_t c_cflag; /* control flags */
tcflag_t c_lflag; /* local flags */
cc_t c_cc[NCCS]; /* control characters */
};
|
struct timespec — structure for time in seconds and nanoseconds
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.2
|
struct timespec {
time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */
long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */
};
|
struct timeval — structure for gettimeofday
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
struct timeval {
time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */
suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds */
};
|
struct tm — structure for broken-down time
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
struct tm {
int tm_sec; /* second [0,60] */
int tm_min; /* minute [0,59] */
int tm_hour; /* hour [0,23] */
int tm_mday; /* day of month [1,31] */
int tm_mon; /* month [0,11] */
int tm_year; /* years since 1900 */
int tm_wday; /* day of week [0,6] (0 = Sunday) */
int tm_yday; /* day of year [0,365] */
int tm_isdst; /* daylight-savings flag */
};
|
struct tms — structure for times system call
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.2
|
struct tms {
clock_t tms_utime; /* user time */
clock_t tms_stime; /* sys time */
clock_t tms_cutime; /* user time of terminated children */
clock_t tms_cstime; /* sys time of terminated children */
};
|
struct utimbuf — structure for utime
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.3
|
struct utimbuf {
time_t actime; /* access time */
time_t modtime; /* modification time */
};
|
symlink — create a symbolic link
See AUP2, Sec. 3.3.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int symlink(
const char *oldpath, /* old pathname */
const char *newpath /* possible new pathname */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
sync — schedule buffer-cache flushing
See AUP2, Sec. 2.16.2
|
#include <unistd.h>
void sync(void);
Return: None
|
sysconf — get system option or limit
See AUP2, Sec. 1.5.5
|
#include <unistd.h>
long sysconf(
int name /* option or limit name */
);
Return: option/limit value or -1 (sets errno on error)
|
system — run command
See AUP2, Sec. 5.5
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int system(
const char *command /* command */
);
Return: exit status or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcdrain — drain (wait for) terminal output
See AUP2, Sec. 4.6
|
#include <termios.h>
int tcdrain(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcflow — suspend or restart flow of terminal input or output
See AUP2, Sec. 4.6
|
#include <termios.h>
int tcflow(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int action /* direction and suspend/restart */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcflush — flush (throw away) terminal output, input, or both
See AUP2, Sec. 4.6
|
#include <termios.h>
int tcflush(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int queue /* queue to be affected */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcgetattr — get terminal attributes
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.1
|
#include <termios.h>
int tcgetattr(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
struct termios *tp /* attributes */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcgetpgrp — get foreground process-group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.4
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t tcgetpgrp(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: process-group ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcgetsid — get session ID
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.4
|
#include <termios.h>
pid_t tcgetsid(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: session ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcsendbreak — send break to terminal
See AUP2, Sec. 4.6
|
#include <termios.h>
int tcsendbreak(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int duration /* duration of break */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcsetattr — set terminal attributes
See AUP2, Sec. 4.5.1
|
#include <termios.h>
int tcsetattr(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
int actions, /* actions on setting */
const struct termios *tp /* attributes */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
tcsetpgrp — set foreground process-group ID
See AUP2, Sec. 4.3.4
|
#include <unistd.h>
int tcsetpgrp(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
pid_t pgid /* process-group ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
telldir — get directory location
See AUP2, Sec. 3.6.1
|
#include <dirent.h>
long telldir(
DIR *dirp /* DIR pointer from opendir */
);
Return: location (no error return)
|
time — get current date and time as time_t
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
time_t time(
time_t *t /* NULL or returned time */
);
Return: time or -1 on error (errno not set)
|
timer_create — create per-process timer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.6
|
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
int timer_create(
clockid_t clockid, /* clock ID */
struct sigevent *sig, /* NULL or signal to generate */
timer_t *timer_id /* returned timer ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
timer_delete — delete per-process timer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.6
|
#include <time.h>
int timer_delete(
timer_t timer_id /* timer ID */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
timer_getoverrun — get per-process timer overrun count
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.6
|
#include <time.h>
int timer_getoverrun(
timer_t timer_id /* timer ID */
);
Return: overrun count or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
timer_gettime — get value of per-process timer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.6
|
#include <time.h>
int timer_gettime(
timer_t timer_id, /* timer ID */
struct itimerspec *val /* returned value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
timer_settime — set value of per-process timer
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.6
|
#include <time.h>
int timer_settime(
timer_t timer_id, /* timer ID */
int flags, /* flags */
const struct itimerspec *val, /* value to set */
struct itimerspec *oval /* returned old value */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
times — get process and child-process execution times
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.2
|
#include <sys/times.h>
clock_t times(
struct tms *buffer /* */
);
Return: time in clock ticks or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
truncate — truncate or stretch file by path
See AUP2, Sec. 2.17
|
#include <unistd.h>
int truncate(
const char *path, /* pathname */
off_t length /* new length */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
ttyname — find pathname of terminal
See AUP2, Sec. 4.7
|
#include <unistd.h>
char *ttyname(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: string or NULL on error (sets errno)
|
ttyname_r — find pathname of terminal
See AUP2, Sec. 4.7
|
#include <unistd.h>
int ttyname_r(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
char *buf, /* buffer for pathname */
size_t bufsize /* size of buffer */
);
Return: 0 on success or error number on error (sets errno)
|
tzset — set time zone information
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <time.h>
extern int daylight; /* DST? (not in FreeBSD) */
extern long timezone; /* timezone in secs (not in FreeBSD) */
extern char *tzname[2]; /* timezone strings (not in FreeBSD) */
void tzset(void);
Return: None
|
ulimit — get and set process limits
See AUP2, Sec. 5.16
|
#include <ulimit.h>
long ulimit(
int cmd, /* command */
... /* optional argument */
);
Return: limit or -1 with errno changed on error (sets errno)
|
umask — set and get file mode creation mask
See AUP2, Sec. 2.5
|
#include <sys/stat.h>
mode_t umask(
mode_t cmask /* new mask */
);
Return: previous mask (no error return)
|
umount — unmount file system (non-standard)
See AUP2, Sec. 3.2.4
|
#include <sys/mount.h>
int umount(
const char *target /* directory */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
uname — get the name of the current system
See AUP2, Sec. 8.8.1
|
#include <sys/utsname.h>
int uname(
struct utsname *name /* */
);
Return: ? or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
union semun — union for semctl
See AUP2, Sec. 7.9.1
|
union semun {
int val; /* integer */
struct semid_ds *buf; /* pointer to structure */
unsigned short *array; /* array */
};
|
union sigval — union for signal values
See AUP2, Sec. 9.5.1
|
union sigval {
int sival_int; /* Integer signal value */
void *sival_ptr; /* Pointer signal value */
};
|
unlink — remove directory entry
See AUP2, Sec. 2.6
|
#include <unistd.h>
int unlink(
const char *path /* pathname */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
unlockpt — unlock pty
See AUP2, Sec. 4.10.1
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int unlockpt(
int fd /* file descriptor */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
unsetenv — remove environment variable
See AUP2, Sec. 5.2
|
#include <stdlib.h>
int unsetenv(
const char *var /* variable to be removed */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
usleep — suspend execution for microseconds or until signal
See AUP2, Sec. 9.7.3
|
#include <unistd.h>
int usleep(
useconds_t usecs /* microseconds to sleep */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
utime — set file access and modification times
See AUP2, Sec. 3.7.3
|
#include <utime.h>
int utime(
const char *path, /* pathname */
const struct utimbuf *timbuf /* new times */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
vfork — create new process; share memory (obsolete)
See AUP2, Sec. 5.5
|
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t vfork(void);
Return: child’s process-ID and 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
wait — wait for child process to terminate
See AUP2, Sec. 5.8
|
#include <sys/wait.h>
pid_t wait(
int *statusp, /* pointer to status or NULL */
);
Return: process ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
waitid — wait for child process to change state [X/Open]
See AUP2, Sec. 5.8
|
#include <sys/wait.h>
int waitid(
idtype_t idtype, /* interpretation of id */
id_t id, /* process or process-group ID */
siginfo_t *infop, /* returned info */
int options /* options */
);
Return: 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
waitpid — wait for child process to change state
See AUP2, Sec. 5.8
|
#include <sys/wait.h>
pid_t waitpid(
pid_t pid, /* process or process-group ID */
int *statusp, /* pointer to status or NULL */
int options /* options (see below) */
);
Return: process ID or 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
wcsftime — convert broken-down time to wide-character string with format
See AUP2, Sec. 1.7.1
|
#include <wchar.h>
size_t wcsftime(
wchar_t *buf, /* output buffer */
size_t bufsize, /* size of buffer */
const wchar_t *format, /* format */
const struct tm *tmbuf /* broken-down time */
);
Return: wchar_t count or zero on error (errno not set)
|
write — write to file descriptor
See AUP2, Sec. 2.9
|
#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t write(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
const void *buf, /* data to write */
size_t nbytes /* amount to write */
);
Return: number of bytes written or -1 on error (sets errno)
|
writev — gather write
See AUP2, Sec. 2.15
|
#include <sys/uio.h>
ssize_t writev(
int fd, /* file descriptor */
const struct iovec *iov, /* vector of data buffers */
int iovcnt /* number of elements */
);
Return: number of bytes written or -1 on error (sets errno)